Bridging the Skills Gap: English Language Communication as a Tool for Improving TVET Graduate Employability

Abstract

The growing complexity of international labor markets has increased the importance of employability competencies in addition to technical expertise within Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET). Despite sustained investment in Ethiopia’s TVET expansion, graduate unemployment and underemployment remain significant concerns, and English communication is frequently identified as an area of insufficient competence. This study investigated the relationship between English-language communication and employability among Ethiopian TVET graduates. A convergent mixed-methods approach combined quantitative responses from 210 graduates with qualitative evidence obtained from 35 TVET instructors and 25 employers. Descriptive analysis indicated moderate competence across the four language skills, with writing (M = 2.95) and speaking (M = 3.12) performing less strongly than reading and listening. English communication was strongly and positively correlated with employability (r = .68, p < .01). Multiple regression further identified a statistically significant predictive relationship (R² = .54, β = .62, p < .001). Qualitative accounts supported these findings and identified limitations in curriculum provision, instructional practice, and institutional collaboration with industry. The findings indicate the importance of strengthening workplace-relevant English communication through curriculum improvement, English for Specific Purposes (ESP) integration, and increased industry participation to enhance graduates’ preparedness for employment.