The Evaluating the Quality Factors of Technical and Vocational Education and Training and their Influence on Enrolment Rates in Ethiopian TVET Colleges

Abstract

This study investigates the quality of training factors in Ethiopian Technical
and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) colleges and their impact on
declining enrollment rates. Employing a descriptive survey design and both
quantitative and qualitative data were collected from diverse stakeholders,
including Grade 12 graduates, current TVET trainees, trainers, college
deans, community members, high school directors, teachers, and officials
from TVET government agencies. The sample included 20 TVET centers from
various Ethiopian regions. Secondary data were obtained from college and
government documents, while primary data were gathered through
questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions, and observations.
Analysis was conducted by using descriptive statistics with SPSS, capturing
response frequencies and percentages. The findings of the study show TVET
quality gaps, such as limited infrastructure, weak trainer skills, misaligned
curriculum, poor training delivery, and low CoC pass rates, which hinder
enrollment and require urgent reforms to enhance relevance and outcomes.
Many TVET institutions lack qualified trainers, adequate machinery, and
timely provision of materials for practical skills training. Based on these
findings, the study recommends enhanced infrastructure investment,
professional development for trainers, curriculum adjustments to better align
with industry needs, and standardized assessment practices. Addressing these
areas through collaborative efforts with government bodies and industry
stakeholders is essential to improve the quality and appeal of Ethiopian TVET
programs, ultimately strengthening enrollment and outcomes.