The Sustainable innovation for a Green Ethiopia: Pathways to Climate Resilience and Inclusive Growth

Abstract

This study examines how sustainable innovation can catalyze Ethiopia’s transition
toward a green economy, with emphasis on agriculture, renewable energy, and urban
systems. Employing a mixed methodology by conducting extensive literature review,
climate data analysis, ground survey using questionnaires and key informants’
interview, it identifies major barriers including climate change impacts, land
degradation, weak infrastructure, limited financing, and low public awareness that
impede progress. Analysis of climate data from 1973 to 2018 reveals increasing
vulnerability: recurrent droughts, declining rainfall, and rising temperatures, with
projections of up to 2.2°C warming over the next 50 years. These trends threaten
food and water security and intensify land use change, desertification, landslides, and
urban expansion. Survey findings show nearly half of respondents’ experience
drought biennially, underscoring urgent adaptation needs. Although national
frameworks like Vision 2025 exist, implementation is hindered by high costs, limited
R&D, and bureaucratic inefficiencies. The study highlights successful local
initiatives and calls for integrated, multi-sectoral collaboration to scale sustainable
innovation. By leveraging Ethiopia’s potential for green transformation, it outlines
actionable pathways to build climate resilience and foster inclusive, long-term
development.