Evaluating the Q 1Quality Factors of Technical and Vocational Education and Training and their Influence on Enrolment Rates in Ethiopian TVET Colleges

Abstract

This study examines the quality of training factors in Ethiopian Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) colleges and how they contribute to declining enrollment rates. Using a descriptive survey design, both quantitative and qualitative data were gathered from various stakeholders, including Grade 12 graduates, current TVET trainees, trainers, college deans,
community members, high school directors, teachers, and officials from TVET government agencies. The sample included 20 TVET centers across different Ethiopian regions. Secondary data derived from college and government documents, while primary data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions, and observations. Employing descriptive
statistics (frequencies and percentages), data were analyzed using SPSS. The findings reveal TVET quality gaps, including inadequate infrastructure, weak trainer skills, misaligned curriculum, poor training delivery, and low CoC pass rates, which discourage enrollment and demand urgent reforms to improve relevance and outcomes. Many TVET institutions lack qualified trainers, sufficient machinery, and timely material provision for practical skills training. Based on these findings, the study recommends greater infrastructure investment, professional development for trainers, curriculum adjustments aligned with industry needs, and standardized assessment practices. Addressing these areas through collaborative efforts with government bodies and industry stakeholders is essential to improve the quality and appeal of Ethiopian TVET programs, ultimately strengthening enrollment and outcomes.