Implementation Challenges and Prospects of TVET Programs for Persons with Disabilities in Addis Ababa City and its Surrounding Areas

Abstract

Despite Ethiopia‘s comprehensive policy framework for inclusion, persons with disabilities (PWDs) continue to face significant barriers in accessing technical and vocational training (TVET) as well as participating in the labor market. This study examined the challenges and prospects of TVET institution programs for PWDs, with a focus on implementation practices in Addis Ababa and surrounding areas during the 2024–2025 academic years. A qualitative research approach with a crosssectional design was employed. Data were collected through 34 key informant interviews (KIIs), Focus group discussions (FGDs), and observations using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. The study explored institutional roles, perceptions, admission practices, training accessibility, and challenges encountered by PWDs. Thematic analysis were applied to organize and synthesize the qualitative data into core themes. Findings indicate that TVET institutions have contributed to raising awareness and promoting inclusive environments; however, significant gaps persist in translating policy into practice. Community perceptions toward admitting PWDs remain predominantly negative, influenced by stigma and misinformation. While institutional efforts to expand access are increasing, actual participation by PWDs is still limited, partly due to lack of awareness of rights and opportunities. Key
barriers include negative societal attitudes, limited skills, technological constraints, inadequate employment opportunities, and weak policy enforcement. In conclusion, the study highlights the urgent need to strengthen inclusive practices and policy
implementation, while urging coordinated stakeholder engagement to enhance equitable access and participation of PWDs in vocational training.